The Ship
- The number and classification of ships
- Parts of the ship
- Ship stresses and stability
- Markings on the ship
- Tonnage
Types of Ships
- Passenger ships
- General cargo ships
- Container ships
- Barge-carrying ships and Ro/Ro ships
- Bulk carriers
- Specialist ships
- Types of engines
- Trends in ship types
- The economics of ship size
- The economics of speed
The Crew
- Typical duties of those on board
- Reductions in crew size
- International crews
- Regulating crew size
- Crew recruitment and training
- Pay and conditions
- Industrial relations
Navigation
- Whose responsibility is this?
- The choice of route
- The ship’s navigational hardware
- Communications at sea
Types of Cargo
- Pre-shipment planning
- The stowage plan
- Stowage and discharge
- The care of cargo during the voyage
- Stuffing containers
- Bulk cargo
- Dangerous cargoes
- Deck cargo
- The theory of trade
Costs and Freight Rates
- Cost classification
- The daily running cost (DRS)
- Propulsion, cargo-handling and other port costs
- Freight rates
World Tonnage
- What determines the supply of shipping?
- The growth of national merchant fleets
- Reasons for encouraging and sustaining national fleets
- Maritime policy
- Flags of convenience
Shipping Finance
- The operating profit
- Equity
- Debt
Charters
- Different ways of chartering a ship
- Standard forms for charters
- Voyage estimating
- How shipowners get ‘offers’ for their vessels
- Arbitration in charter party disputes
- The tanker market and chartering
The Liner Market
- Typical company organisation
- Marketing
- Consortia, alliances and conferences
- Logistics and/or intermodal transport
Safety
- Spheres of risk
- The economics of safety
- Marine insurance
- Salvage
- Safety and environmental issues
Documentation
- The bill of lading (B/L)
- Economic and operational problems of documentation
- Incoterms
- Ship’s documents
- Customs
Ports
- Port development
- Classification of ports
- Types of port ownership
- Time spent in port (cargo-handling)
- Number of berths needed in ports
- Comparing the various types of berth
- Alternatives to formal port systems
- Port labour
- Port management and administration
- Port charges
- Ship canals
Example Candidate Response Booklet
Example Candidate Response (ECR) Booklets are a source of crucial information for Centres and Candidates as they use real candidate responses. We ask Senior Examiners to comment on five or more responses in terms of why the mark was awarded with commentary about how to improve the answer (if necessary).
